Exploration of adaptation process and experience among the HIV/AIDS patients based on the comprehensive task-based adaptation model / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVES@#Patients with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) confront multiple difficulties during the disease adaptation process. Based on the comprehensive task-based adaptation model, this study aims to explore the process and experience of adapting to living with HIV among HIV/AIDS patients and to provide evidence for promoting the adaptation of this population.@*METHODS@#With the design of the phenomenon study, we purposefully recruited 43 HIV/AIDS patients and conducted semi-structural interviews. The qualitative data was analyzed by Van Manen method.@*RESULTS@#There were 1 307 significant quotes and 6 themes with 14 sub-themes. "The shadow comes along with the sunshine" was proposed to describe the process of adapting to life with HIV. Another 5 themes emerged to represent the tasks as follows: the direction of the mental anchor, the management of physical tasks, social network and support, the occupational dilemma and benefits, and the consideration of the future.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The adapting process possesses both common and personalized characteristics. Future intervention development should address the integrality and interaction of the adaptation tasks, contributing to the positive adaptation outcomes of HIV/AIDS patients.

Prevalence and risk factors of low back and pelvic pain in women with rectus abdominis diastasis: a multicenter retrospective cohort study

Background@#To explore the association between low back pain (LBP) and pelvic pain (PP) and rectus abdominis diastasis (RAD) in postpartum women and identify the characteristics and risk factors. @*Methods@#Women diagnosed with RAD and a history of labor and delivery, between 2009 and 2018, were identified from six hospitals within the Partners Healthcare System. Univariate and multivariable binary logistic regression analyses were used to identify the risk factors associated with pain. @*Results@#Age at onset of RAD in the non-cesarean delivery group was earlier than those in cesarean delivery (CD) group (P = 0.017). Women who underwent CD demonstrated 4.5 times greater risk of RAD than those who had no CD exposure. The cumulative composition ratio of LBP at every age stage of the period from 8 years pre-first delivery to 8 years post-first delivery was significantly higher than the other five conditions (RAD, umbilical hernia, PP, depressive disorder [DD], and strain of muscle, fascia, and tendon [SMFT]) (P for trend < 0.001). Women with DD, SMFT, and PP were more likely to have LBP (odds ratio [OR] = 1.91, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.06 to 3.47, P = 0.032; OR = 4.50, 95% CI 1.64 to 12.36, P = 0.003; OR = 2.14, 95% CI 1.17 to 3.89, P = 0.013; respectively). @*Conclusions@#In postpartum women with RAD, DD, SMFT, and PP were found to be risk factors contributing to the development of LBP. Race and LBP also played roles in the development of PP.

Application of HIV prevention information transmission model in prevention of high-risk sexual behavior among men who have sex with men / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVES@#To explore the effect of HIV prevention information transmission model in the prevention of high-risk sexual behavior among men who have sex with men (MSM).@*METHODS@#To establish the HIV "expert-key informant-MSM" preventive information transmission model and to intervene the MSM high-risk sexual behavior. Before and 3 months after the intervention, MSM was measured by general information questionnaire, AIDS knowledge and sexual behavior questionnaire, MSM Health Belief Scale for HIV Prevention, and Safe Sexual Self-efficacy Scale.@*RESULTS@#AIDS knowledge and sexual behavior scores in MSM after the intervention were significantly higher than those before the intervention (=-13.047, <0.001); the scores of health belief before and after the intervention were significantly higher (=-3.272, =0.001); condom use in MSM after the intervention was more common than that before the intervention (<0.05), except for commercial sex.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The application of HIV prevention information transmission model can effectively improve AIDS-related knowledge, HIV prevention health beliefs, condom use rate of MSM population, and in turn promote the transformation of their high-risk sexual behavior.

Impact of community subculture on high-risk sexual behavior of men who have sex with men based on health belief model / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVES@#To explore the Impact of community subculture of men who have sex with men (MSM) on the occurrence of high-risk sexual behavior based on the health belief model.@*METHODS@#A qualitative research method was used to conduct in-depth interviews with 17 MSM by one-to-one and half-structured way, and thematic analysis was used to analyze the data.@*RESULTS@#There were several factors for high-risk sexual behavior in MSM subculture, such as trust, subjective assessment for partner or personal health status, the role in inserting, awareness of HIV infection among partners, perception of HIV and homosexual discrimination, difficulty in maintaining a fixed partner, family responsibility,and so on. Self-efficacy also affected MSM's high-risk sexual behavior.@*CONCLUSIONS@#High-risk sexual behavior in MSM population is influenced by individual, group, and intra-circle subculture. Cognitive bias for HIV infection in MSMs can be intervened by constructing a preventive intervention model for high-risk sexual behavior.

Application of intraoperative ultrasonography in robot-assisted laparoscopic hepatectomy / 中华超声影像学杂志

Objective To explore the application and significance of intraoperative laparoscopic ultrasound( IOUS) in robot-assisted laparoscopic hepatectomy . Methods From February 2015 to February 2017 ,135 patients undergoing liver resection with robotic approach were enrolled in the study . All data about demographic ,surgical procedure and postoperative course were collected prospectively and analyzed . IOUS was routinely performed in these patients . To assist the localization and resection of liver tumor ,a four steps IOUS protocol in robotic liver surgery was proposed ,including exploration ,verification ,guidance , and confirmation . If necessary ,intraoperative laparoscopic ultrasound guided microwave ablation of liver tumor to complete the treatment . Results A total of 11 additional lesions in 11 patients were detected in 135 patients ,7 patients accepted strategic surgical modification : 4 cases were enlarged resection ,and 3 cases were treated with microwave ablation . There were only 17 patients lost blood more than 1000 ml in all patients . No patient suffered from any single or multiple organ dysfunctions ,and there was no mortality observed . Conclusions IOUS is indispensable to understand lesions and vessels ,confirm the complete resection of the tumor in robot-assisted laparoscopic hepatectomy . It is also a necessary tool for the microwave ablation of liver tumor .

Effects of different surface treatment methods on bond strength of zirconia prosthesis / 吉林大学学报(医学版)

Objective:To evaluate the effects of several kinds of surface treatment methods on the bond strength of zirconia prosthesis,and to provide references for improving the bond strength of zirconia prosthesis.Methods:Sixty zirconia blocks(10 mm×10 mm×2 mm) were divided into 6 groups according to the surface treatment methods:sandblasting,silica coating,Z-PRIME Plus,sandblasting+Z-PRIME Plus,sandblasting+silica coating,and silica coating+Z-PRIME Plus groups.The zirconia-resin specimens were fabricated using ScotchbondTM Universal;shear bond test was performed to detect the shear bond strength after treated with water storage(37℃) for 24 h by universal mechanical testing mechine;the fracture types were observed by stereoscopic microscope.One fracture specimen was randomly chosen from each group,and the morphology of the specimen was examined under scanning electron microscope.Results:The shear bond strength of the specimen in Z-PRIME Plus group was higher than those in the other groups(P<0.05).The adhesive failure was predominantly observed in sandblasting,silica coating,sandblasting+silica coating and silica coating+Z-PRIME Plus groups.There were 4 cases of mixed failure in Z-PRIME Plus group and there were 8 cases of mixed failure in sandblasting+Z-PRIME group.No cohesive failure was observed in all the groups.The scanning electron microscope results showed that the fracture surface occurred on the resin-zirconia interface of the specimens in sandblasting group,Z-PRIME Plus group,and sandblasting+Z-PRIME Plus group.The silica-zirconia fracture of specimens occurred in silica coating group and silica coating+Z-PRIME Plus group.The silica-resin interface fracture of specimens partially occurred in sandblasting+silica coating group.Conclusion:The application of Z-PRIME Plus can significantly improve the bond strength between zirconia and resin.

Socio-psychological factors relevant to suicidal ideation among patients with AIDS in Changsha / 中南大学学报(医学版)

Objective:To explore the rates of suicide ideation and the relevant factors among patients with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in Changsha for obtaining scientific evidence to reduce suicidal ideation rates among PLWHA.Methods:A total of 504 PLWHA were surveyed in an MDS hospital in Changsha,by using Self-Made Socio-Demographic Scale,Self-rating Depression Scale,Self-rating Anxiety Scale,and Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation-Chinese Version.Results:There were 13.9％,26.6％ and 27.2％ of PLWHA suffered suicidal ideation in the last week,at the most depressive moments and all their lives,respectively.Being a gay (OR=4.79,2.66,2.37) or with suicide history (OR=8.56,5.63,5.56) were the risk factors for suffering suicidal ideation in the last week,at the most depressive moments and all their lives.Moreover,anxiety was the risk factor for suffering suicidal ideation at the most depressive moments and all their lives (OR=3.28,3.05),and depression was the risk factor for suffering suicidal ideation in the last week (OR=4.97).Conclusion:Among PLWHA,gay is a high risk factor for suffering suicidal ideation,and suicide history is a risk factor.

Maxillary expansion efficiency with clear aligner and its possible influencing factors / 中华口腔医学杂志

Objective@#To evaluate the efficiency of maxillary expansion with clear aligners and to analyze the possible influence factors.@*Methods@#Thiry-one clear aligner cases (Invisalign) with maxillary expansion were enrolled in this study. The three-dimensional (3D) digital models of pre-treatment, planned in Clincheck software and post-treatment were collected. Upper dental arch width, buccal inclination of posterior teeth, and the expansion efficiency (expansion acquired/expansion planned) were measured and calculated. The impact of factors such as planned buccal inclination, planned expansion amount, attachment, and the mode of expansion on the expansion efficiency were analyzed.@*Results@#The increases of upper arch width in canine, 1st and 2nd premolar, 1st and 2nd molar were (2.0±1.3), (2.8±1.5), (3.0±1.4), (1.8±1.0) and 0.5 (0.1, 1.1) mm, with their efficiency of 68%, 70%, 68%, 55% and 29%, respectively. The posterior teeth showed significantly more buccal inclination than the planned position (P<0.05). However, the most buccally inclined tooth detected in 1st molars was only 3.1°±3.9°. When the planned inter-molar width increase was less than 2 mm (n=15), the expansion efficiency of premolars was higher compared with those cases with the planned inter-molar width increase more than 2 mm (n=16, P<0.05). The planned buccal inclination, attachments, and the expansion mode had no significant effect on the expansion efficiency (P>0.05).@*Conclusions@#The expansion of maxillary arch with clear aligners was achieved by the buccal movement of the posterior teeth with limited buccal inclination. The efficiency of expansion declines from 1st premolars to second molars. The planned inter-molar width had a significant influence on the efficiency of premolar expansion.

Content Determination of Phellodendrine in Leshu Lotion by SPE-HPLC / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective To establish the method of thin layer identification of Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex and solid phase extraction - high performance liquid chromatography (SPE-HPLC) determination of the content of phellodendrine in Leshu Lotion. Methods Thin layer chromatography (TLC) was used for qualitative identification of Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex in Leshu Lotion and the Bond Elutplexa PCX strong cation-exchange solid phase was used for extraction small column purification. Platisil-NH2 column was as chromatographic column; column temperature was 30 ℃; triethylamine pH 3.82 (phosphoric acid), tetrahydrofuran, acetonitrile was 18:12:70, isocratic elution; flow rate was 1.0 mL/min; detection wavelength was 286 nm. Results TLC could obviously identify active ingredients of phellodendrine in Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex. The phellodendrine had good linear relationship between concentration and peak area within the scope of 1.22–12.2 μg (r=0.9999); the average recovery rate of phellodendrine was 101.18%, RSD was 1.71%. Conclusion This method is simple to operate, with accuracy and repeatability, and can be used for quality control of Leshu Lotion.

Status and influencing factors of rush poppers use and HIV infection among men who have sex with men in Changsha / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the relationship between use of rush poppers and HIV infection, and associated factors among men who have sex with men in Changsha.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A cross-sectional study was conducted in Changsha from April to December, 2014. Men who have sex with men who came for HIV counseling and testing services were invited to fill out a survey. A total of 608 MSM were finally recruited. The survey included socio-demographic characteristics, sexual roles, sexual behaviors in last 6 months and rush poppers use, HIV infection among MSM. After finishing the questionnaire, 5 ml blood was also drawn for HIV testing. Chi-square test or Fisher probabilities was used to compare usage of rush poppers and HIV antibody positive rate among MSM who had different characteristics and sexual behaviors. Multi-factor unconditioned logistic regression model was used to explore related factors about rush poppers use and HIV infection of MSM.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among 608 MSM, 29.8% (181) said they ever used rush poppers, and 13.3% (81 cases) were HIV positive. Among MSM who ever used rush poppers, 18.8% (34/181) were HIV positive; While among those who never used rush poppers, 10.5% (45/427) were HIV positive (χ(2)=7.65,P=0.006). Compared with MSM who had no For One Night sex in the last 6 months,OR (95% CI) value of MSM who had 6-10 times For One Night sexes in last 6 months to use rush poppers was 4.32 (1.77-10.57). Compared with MSM who self-identified as top,OR (95% CI) value of MSM who self-identified as bottom or versatile using rush poppers were 2.99 (1.53-5.86), or 3.60 (2.13-6.09). Compared with MSM who self-identified as top, OR (95% CI) value of MSM who self-identified as bottom or versatile to infect HIV were 3.19 (1.35-7.58), or 2.33 (1.12-4.85). Compared with MSM who used condoms at every anal sex,OR (95% CI) value of MSM who used condoms sometimes or never used to infect HIV were 1.93 (1.12-3.35) or 1.87 (0.64-5.50). Compared with MSM who never used rush poppers,OR (95% CI) value of MSM who ever used rush poppers to infect HIV was 1.88 (1.12-3.16).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>A large percentage of MSM population in Changsha used rush poppers, and HIV antibody positive rate among MSM was high. MSM who had more frequencies of For One Night sexes, self-identified as bottom or versatile were more likely to use rush poppers and more susceptible to HIV infection. In addition, MSM who had low frequency of condom use in the last 6 months in anal intercourse were more likely to infect HIV.</p>

Effects of quasi-collective education in pre hospital-patient education / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To explore the method of increasing the mastering rate of health knowledge of patients and effective rate of health education by nurses on the premise of shortened average length of hos-pital stay.Methods 316 patients were divided into group i (96 cases),group ii (117 cases) and group iii (103 cases).Patients in group i had no pre hospital education.Patients in group ii accepted quasicollective education on hospitalization notices.Patients in group iii accepted quasi-collective education on hospitalization notices and some general peri-operative knowledge.The mastering rate of knowledge and time cost for health education were compared between three groups.Results Compared to group i,group ii and group iii got higher mastering rate in 8 items of hospitalization notices.No difference was seen in acknowledge of general peri-operative knowledge.The education of hospitalization notices and total time was shortened.The difference between group ii and group iii was not positive.Conclusions Taking quasi-collective education on hospitalization notices improves patients' mastering level of hospitalization notices and nurses' education efficiency.

Observation on the effect of continuous infusion of dopamine and furosemide in treatment of 76 elderly patients with refractory heart failure / 中国基层医药

Objective To explore the clinical effect of continuous infusion of dopamine and furosemide on elderly patients with refractory heart failure.Methods 76 elderly patients with heart failure were selected as the observation subjects,they were randomly divided into observation group and control group,38 cases in each group.The control group was given oxygen inhalation,the expansion of vascular,cardiac and other conventional treatment.The observation group was given conventional treatment and continuous infusion of dopamine and furosemide.Clinical efficacy and cardiac function improvement were compared between the two groups.Restlts The effective rate of observation group was 92.1％,which was higher than that of the control group (73.7％) (x2 =10.29,P ＜ 0.05).After treatment,the improvement of cardiac function between the two groups had significant difference (t =15.94,10.18,all P ＜0.05).Conclusion Continuous infusion of dopamine and furosemide in treatment of elderly patients with refractory heart failure could improve heart function,enhance curative effect.

The clinical application of video-laryngoscope in spontaneous respiration tracheal intubation / 中华急诊医学杂志

ObjectiveTo assess the safety and clinical values of video-laryngoscope in spontaneous respiration tracheal intubation for emergency patients. Methods Seventy-nine patients,who needed the endotracheal intubation,were recruited in our department between January 2010 and December 2010,and were randomly ( random number) divided into two groups according to consultative sequence.Forty patients (group A ) were operated with traditional laryngoscope and thirty-nine patients (group B ) with videolaryngoscope.The operative time and success rate of tracheal intubation,Cormack-Lehane classification,as well as adverse events,were recorded.The heart rate ( HR ),mean arterial blood pressure ( MAP),respiratory rate ( RR ),and saturation of pulse oxygen ( SpO2 ) were observed pre-operation,during operation and 2 min post-operation.Results( 1 ) The Cormack-Lehane classification in group A were significantly lower than in group B. (2) The operative time of tracheal intubation in group B was significantly less than that in group A [(35.6+12.7) svs. (58.3 ± 13.5) s; P＜0.05] ; and one-time success rate of tracheal intubation in group B was higher than that in group A ( 84.6％ vs.52.5％ ; P ＜0.05).(3) Compared to group B,the HR and MAP in Group A were significantly increased at t2 and t3 ( P ＜ 0.05 ). ( 4 ) The adverse events,including restlessness,bucking and injury,were significantly decreased in group B than those in group A ( P ＜ 0.05 ).ConclusionsThe video-laryngoscope used in spontaneous respiration tracheal intubation,could improve Cormack-Lehane classification,short operative time,enhance one-time success rate and reduce adverse evevnts.

Effects of nutritional supplementation on children with HIV/AIDS in China / 中南大学学报(医学版)

The purpose of the review was to explore the effects of nutritional supplements in children with HIV/AIDS.Nutritional supplements were found to have both positive and negative effects in HIV/AIDS children.It was found that selenium helps to boost immunity.Vitamin D supplementation was found to delay mother to child transmission (MTCT) of HIV and to reduce stunted growth associated with persistent diarrhea.Vitamins B,C,and E were found to delay HIV disease progression,reduce oxidative stress and HIV viral load.Multivitamin supplementation was found to be more effective in delaying HIV disease progression.Protein nutrition was found to improve cognitive and motor developments of children as well as helping HIV-positive children achieve 100％ weight for height.Some nutrient supplements,however,were found to have negative effects on HIV/AIDS children.Vitamin A was found to double the risk of mortality of HIV/AIDS in infants exposed to HIV via breastfeeding.Zinc was found to have a positive effect on production of infectious virus through its action on reverse transcriptase.Some micronutrional interact with each other leading to harmful side effects such as diarrhea.Some nutritional supplements interact with antiretroviral drugs leading to treatment failure.It is important for children to be given right doses of nutritional supplements and that their immune system should be closely monitored.

Study on chromatography-efficacy relation of Zanthoxylum nitidum on gastric cancer cells / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To develop a method for elucidating " chromatography-efficacy" relation of the extract of Zanthoxylum nitidum on the gastric cancer cells.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>After obtaining the tumor inhibition rate and fingerprint peak data through MTT and HPLC, "chromatography-efficacy" relation was established by an appropriate statistical method.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The gastric cancer "chromatography-efficacy" relation of Z. nitidum was established by step-back technique.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The "chromatography-efficacy" relation has statistically significant and practical significance, so it has reference value in some way.</p>

Influence of comprehensive family intervention on family function among HIV-infected injection drug users / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To examine the effects of comprehensive family intervention on family function among HIV-infected injection drug users (IDUs). Methods Ninety-eight HIV-infected IDUs in 3 AIDS treatment sites in Hunan Province were selected by random cluster sampling and were randomly divided into the intervention group (50 cases) and the control group (48 cases). Subjects in the intervention group were given a 9-month comprehensive family intervention, while those in the control group received standard treatment and care. When the study was completed, APGAR questionnaire was used to analyze the effects of comprehensive family intervention. Results Before the intervention ,the scores of family function were not significantly different the intervention group and the control group. After the intervention, the scores of family function among the control group were(4.26± 3.73) points and the intervention group was (6.53± 4.29) points, the scores of family function were significantly different between the two groups. Conclusions The comprehensive family intervention is an effective model to improve the family function of HIV-infected injection drug users.

Adherence to highly active antiretroviral treatment and related factors in drug users with HIV/AIDS / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To explore adherence to highly active antiretroviral treatment(HAART)and related factors in dnlg users with HIV/AIDS.Methods From July to September 2007,111 HIV-infected drug users who received national free HAART were investigated in the HAART clinics in Hengyang,Yueyang,and Chenzhou districts of Hunan Province.A questionnaire of Community Programs for Clinical Research on AIDS(CPCRA)Antiretroviral Medication Self-Report Was used to assess adherence to HAART,and Zung Depression Scale and Adaptation Partnership Growth Affection Resolve Scale were used to assess patients'depression and family function respectively.ResllIts The average level of adherence to HAART was 83%.Among 111 patients.28.8%of patients reported poor adherence and took medication less than 90%.The mean score of depression was 60.8 1±13.03.There were 83.9%patients demonstrating depressive symptom and only 30.6%patients' family had good function.Logistic regression analysis showed that the degree of depression(β=-0.48,P=0.024)and treatment time(β=-1.11,P=0.036)were significantly associated with adherence negatively,while family function (β=0.65,P=0.043)and the time of being free from drug(β=0.55,P=0.040)were positively associated with adherence.Conclusion The level of adherence to HAART is low in the drug users with HIV/AIDS.Comprehensive interventions are needed to improve adherence to HAART,including managing depression,encouraging drug rehabilitation,improving family function,and evaluating adherence periodically.